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Planetary SDI
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DRAFT - 2023 Gap Products

Summary

In September, 2021 the Final Report of the Lunar Critical DAta Products Specific Action Team found <X,Y,Z>. Since that time additional foundational data products have been created and released by the community such as the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) created by Barker, et al. at Goddard Space Flight Center and the Mini-RF polar mosaics released to the Planetary Data System (PDS), both linked below.

Source Data

The Lunar SDI working group, with support from members of the lunar exploration community, maintains a listing of foundational lunar data products. These are products that are controlled (photogrammetrically, radargrammetrically, altimetrically) to the current lunar geodetic coordinate reference frame.

Timliness and Importance

The scope of potential work is significant larger than the available person power and financial resources to complete that work. Therefore, we rank two axes of potential work in order to identify the most impactful data products. These axes are importance using a 5-point Likert scale: (1) Low impact, (2) Minimal impact, (3) Neutral impact, (4) Impactful, (5) High impact, and timeliness, also using a 5-point Likert scale: (1) Completed when able, (2) Needed in the next 3-5 years (3) Needed in the next 1-2 years, (4) Needed in the next 6-12 months, (5) Needed immediately.

Assessed Missions

Current and upcoming NASA flight missions, both robotic and human can benefit immensely from the creation of new foundational data products and targeted framework data products. Therefore, the impact of those products must also be assessed by the breadth of impact to one or more missions. A third dimension of this assessment is mission impact.

The missions assessed for impact within this document are: VIPER, Artermis III, Nova-C IM-1, Peregrine Mission 1, JAXA SLIM.

Text about the needs of these missions as it relates to these products.

Terminology and Definitions

This document uses the following…

Product Type

Availability

Foundational Data Products

Foundational data products are foundational to the proper spatialization of all other, framework data products. Foundational data products are the geodetic coordinate reference frame (or proxy product), topographic data (which is often the proxy for the geodetic coordinate reference frame), and orthoimages. In order to be a foundational data product, the product must report and support rigorous spatial error assessment and reporting. All other products are framework data products which support one or more science or engineering tasks. These framework data products should all be derived from the common geodetic foundation encoded in all foundational data products.

The identified foundational data products for the moon are tracked here. Note that gravity data and uncontrolled image mosaics are not foundational.

The Lunar Critical Data Product Specific Action Team identified a number of gaps in the availability of lunar foundational data products to support robotic and human exploration of the Moon. The table below tracks the gaps identified in the 2021 report, highlighting where progress has been made creating the needed products. The table also includes newly identified gaps.

Product Identifier Product Type Purpose Importance Timeliness Impacted Missions Availability In creation?
LROC-NAC south pole mosaics Controlled images / Image mosaics Landing site assessment Impactful ?? Continually adding more? USGS / LROC, team (look in PDS)
LROC-NAC DEMs (Shape-from-Shading) Topography Landing site assessment, mission operations Impactful ?? ? NASA Ames (Artemis landing sites), don’t know about others.
LROC-NAC DEMs (Stereophotogrammetry) Topography Landing site assessment Impactful ?? ? LROC Team, others?1
LOLA DEMs (They made a carpet. /81 on the URL.) Topography Landing site assessment Impactful Available now ?? https://pgda.gsfc.nasa.gov/products/78 / https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2020.105119 Delivered; GSFC
SELENE / Kaguya TC Mosaics2 Controlled images / Image mosaics Context Minimal impact Completed when able ?? ?? USGS
SELENE / Kaguya TC DEMs3 Topography Context / LOLA updates Neutral Impact Needed in the next 1-2 years LOLA ?? USGS
Chang’E-2 Image Mosaics (in MoonTrek?) ?? Landing site assessment ?? ?? ?? GRAS Lunar and Planetary Data Release System Completed (No ARD / challenging to discover?)
Chang’E-2 7 m/pixel DEM Topography ? ? Available Now ?? GRAS Lunar and Planetary Data Release System Completed (No ARD / challenging to discover?)
Chandryaan-2 5m / pixel DEMs Landing site assessment High Impact ?? ?? Available via the ISRA web portal Completed
Chandryaan-2 Ortho Image Controlled images / Image mosaics Landing site assessment High Impact ?? ?? Available via the ISRA web portal Completed
Constellation data sets (e.g., LMMP DTMs) Topography Landing site assessment Neutral Impact Completed when able ?? Some available, but not all? Completed
GSFC Long Swath Approach Topography Topography Landing site assessment High Impact Needed in the next 1-2 Years Commercial Lunar landings Not available GSFC?

Globally Controlled Foundational Products

The focus is and has been on the lunar south pole to support human and robotic missions. These global foundational data products are also of critical importance for commercial landing attempts and a longer time horizon for human operations outside the south pole region.

  • LROC NAC mosaic
  • LROC NAC SfS DEM
  • Chandrayaan-2 TMC2 mosaic
  • Chandrayaan-2 TMC2 DEM
  • LOLA DEM (improved, e.g., co-registered with mosaic or DEM products)
    • ?? Isn’t this done (above?)
  • Chang’E 2 CCD Camera mosaic
    • Listed above and accessible. What else needs to be done?
  • Kaguya TC mosaic
    • JAXA has a version released. Does not seem controlled. USGS is controlling now. What needs doing?
  • Kaguya TC DEM
    • A global product exists from JAXA
    • USGS is making more of these now to support GSFC
    • What else needs doing?

Framework Products to Support Landed Missions

Framework data products are all other products not identified as foundational data products. These are raw and derived data products that support the innumerable science, engineering, and outreach tasks that the lunar exploration community engages in.

Multi- and Hyper-spectral Image Mosaics

Description of the data, what are these. Why are they broadly important.

Product Identifier Product Type Purpose Importance Timeliness Impacted Missions Availability In creation?
Kaguya / SELENE Spectral Profiler Mosaic Hyper-spectral images and image mosaic ?? ?? ?? ?? Does not exist No
Kaguya / SELENE Multiband Imager Mosaic Multi-spectral images and image mosaic ?? ?? ?? ?? Does not exist No
LROC WAC Mosaic Multi-spectral images and image mosaic ?? (not controlled) - - ?? LINK Completed
Chandrayaan-1 M3 Mosaic Hyper-spectral images and image mosaic ?? ?? ?? ?? https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/maps/moon-mineralogy-mapper-geometric-data-restoration ??
Clementine Mosaic Multi-spectral images and image mosaic ?? (old datum?) ?? ?? ?? LINK Completed / redo?
… ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??

Quantitative Mineral Mosaics

Description of the data, what are these. Why are they broadly important.

Product Identifier Product Type Purpose Importance Timeliness Impacted Missions Availability In creation?
… ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??
  • Don’t these fall out of the above?
  • Status?

Regional Image Mosaics

Description of the data, what are these. Why are they broadly important.

Product Identifier Product Type Purpose Importance Timeliness Impacted Missions Availability In creation?
High resolution Mini-RF south pole mosaics Controlled images / Image mosaics Landing site assessment? High impact Not available now ?? ?? Not yet delivered; Mini-RF Team
… ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??

Topographic Maps

Topography and topographic maps are two different types of data products. The latter are derived in part from the former and in part form other ancillary data sets. Many cartographic decisions are applied to these composite data sets, such as choice or projection, scale, symbology, and feature labeling. These decisions result in a map that impart the information that the cartographer(s) wish to convey.

Product Identifier Product Type Purpose Importance Timeliness Impacted Missions Availability In creation?
Topographic Map of the the Moon’s South Pole (80˚S to Pole) Map product ?? - - Impacted Missions As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Topographic Map of the Moon’s South Pole (85°S to Pole) Map product ?? - - Impacted Missions As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Topographic Map of the Moon’s South Pole Map product ?? - - Impacted Missions As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Topography and Permanently Shaded Regions (PSRs) 85°S to Pole of the Moon Map product ?? - - Impacted Missions As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Topographic Map of the Moon’s South Polar Ridge Map product ?? - - Impacted Missions As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Topographic Contour Map of the Moon’s South Pole Ridge Map product ?? - - Impacted Missions As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
MIIGAiK Hypsometric Map of the Lunar Polar Areas Map product ?? - - Impacted Missions As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
USGS Scientific Investigations Map, South Pole Image Map](https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/lunar-south-pole-atlas/images/300dpi/USGS-Moon.jpg) Map product ?? - - Impacted Missions As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
USGS Scientific Investigations Map, South Pole Topographic Map Map product ?? - - Impacted Missions As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
… ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??

Geologic maps

Description of the data, what are these. Why are they broadly important.

Product Identifier Product Type Purpose Importance Timeliness Impacted Missions Availability In creation?
Shaded Relief Geological Map of the South Polar Region of the Moon Map product, Scale: ??? ?? - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed .
Geologic Map of the South Pole of the Moon, Krasilnikov et al. Scale: 1:300,000
Larger scale map efforts? 1:200,000, 1:24000? Map product, Scale: ??? ?? - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed .
… ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??

Terrain / Hazard

Description of the data, what are these. Why are they broadly important.

Product Identifier Product Type Purpose Importance Timeliness Impacted Missions Availability In creation?
Slope Map of the Moon’s South Pole (85°S to Pole) Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Slope Map of the Moon’s South Pole (85°S to Pole) – Map 3 Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Topographic Map and >1 km-diameter Craters in the Artemis Exploration Zone Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Topographic Slopes (5-meter) of the Moon’s South Polar Ridge Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Topographic Slopes of the Moon’s South Polar Ridge Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Topography and Relatively Flat Areas of the Moon’s South Polar Ridge Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Slope Map between Shackleton and de Gerlache Craters, Lunar South Pole Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Slope Map Between Shackleton and de Gerlache Craters, Lunar South Pole – Map 3 Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Slope Map of the Moon’s South Pole Ridge Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
VIPER4 mission derived products ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??
… ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??

Viewshed

Description of the data, what are these. Why are they broadly important.

Product Identifier Product Type Purpose Importance Timeliness Impacted Missions Availability In creation?
VIPER4 mission derived products ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??
… ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??

Illumination / Time Dependent Illumination

Description of the data, what are these. Why are they broadly important.

Product Identifier Product Type Purpose Importance Timeliness Impacted Missions Availability In creation?
Topography and Permanently Shaded Regions (PSRs) 87°S to Pole of the Moon Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Topography and Permanently Shaded Regions (PSRs) of the Moon’s South Pole (85°S to Pole) Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Topography and Permanently Shaded Regions (PSRs) of the Moon’s South Pole (80°S to Pole) Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Lunar South Pole Radar Images and Earthshine Model (85°S to Pole) Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Topography and Permanently Shaded Regions (PSRs) of the Moon’s South Polar Nearside Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Topography and Permanently Shaded Regions (PSRs) of the Moon’s South Pole Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Topography and Permanently Shaded Regions (PSRs) of the Moon’s South Polar Ridge Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
Annual Illumination and Topographic Slope of the Moon’s South Polar Ridge Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
WAC Percentage-Based South Pole Illumination Map Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
WAC Time-Weighted South Pole Illumination Map Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
GSFC, Mazarico, et al. 2018 and Barker, et al., 2019 have published on their IllumNG tool. The former paper describes the tool and has some sample results, while the latter paper uses the tool. Are any of these products available anywhere? Map product Engineering - - ?? As PDF, no GIS solution Completed.
VIPER4 mission derived products ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??
Early morning illumination NAC mosaics ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??

Temperature Maps

  1. Need a clearinghouse for these, a common standard for metadata, and a common vocabulary for describing quantitative and qualitative metrics. ↩︎

  2. Uncontrolled available at https://darts.isas.jaxa.jp/pub/pds3/sln-l-tc-5-evening-map-v4.0, https://darts.isas.jaxa.jp/pub/pds3/sln-l-tc-5-morning-map-v4.0, https://darts.isas.jaxa.jp/pub/pds3/sln-l-tc-5-ortho-map-seamless-v2.0 ↩︎

  3. Need a quality assessment and processing description of https://darts.isas.jaxa.jp/pub/pds3/sln-l-tc-5-dtm-map-seamless-v2.0 ↩︎

  4. We believe that the VIPER mission is creating these, but the potential and timeline for release is unknown. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎